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The museum focuses on the field of archaeology. Thanks to the excavations in the area of the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal, a seamless continuity of settlement from the Neanderthals of the Altmühl Valley to the elevation of the town of Kelheim can now be shown.
The history of the Kelheim area is presented on the first floor in 8 islands of a showcase landscape, with each island dedicated to one period. Original finds are supplemented by plans of the excavation findings, graphic reconstructions and models. Illustrations show how our ancestors hunted mammoths 80,000 years ago, made tools 20,000 years ago or cast bronze 4,000 years ago. The reconstruction of a burial chamber from Riedenburg-Haidhof shows the burial customs of 2,600 years ago. Models of the first houses in human history and the huge city complex of the Celtic oppidum Alkimoennis on the Michelsberg and the predecessor city of Kelheim at the time of Charlemagne illustrate the gradual development of the city.
The town history on the 1st floor is themed "Kelheim - town by the river". Built in the 13th century by the Wittelsbach dynasty in the flood plain, the location between the Danube and Altmühl determined the town and the lives of its inhabitants. Fishermen and boatmen are mentioned as early as 1300. In the 14th/15th century there must have been a large shopper's workshop here. The name of the town was even transferred to a certain type of ship; a Kelheimer was always understood to be the largest ship (42 m long) in a boat train on the Danube. The town history section also shows where and what the people of Kelheim lived and what trades they practiced
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